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Washington: Scientists have discovered a biochemical that shows a completely
new and promising direction for the development of drugs to treat
type-2 diabetes.
Scientists had long suspected that diabetes and obesity could be
linked to problems in the biological clock. Lab mice with altered
biological clocks, for example, often become obese and develop
diabetes.
Two years ago, a team headed by Steve Kay, dean of the Division of
Biological Sciences at the University of California San Diego,
discovered the first biochemical link between the biological clock
and diabetes, the journal Science reported.
It found that a key protein, cryptochrome, that regulates the
biological clocks of plants, insects and mammals also regulates
glucose production in the liver and that altering the levels of
this protein could improve the health of diabetic mice, according
to a university statement.
Now Kay and his team have discovered a small molecule -- one that
can be easily developed into a drug -- that controls the intricate
molecular cogs or timekeeping mechanisms of cryptochrome in such a
manner that it can repress the production of glucose by the liver.
Like mice and other animals, humans have evolved biochemical
mechanisms to keep a steady supply of glucose flowing to the brain
at night, when we're not eating or otherwise active.
"At the end of the night, our hormones signal that we're in a
fasting state," said Kay. "And during the day, when we're active,
our biological clock shuts down those fasting signals that tell
our liver to make more glucose because that's when we're eating."
Diabetes is caused by an accumulation of glucose in the blood,
which can lead to heart disease, strokes, kidney failure and
blindness. In type-1 diabetes, destruction of insulin producing
cells in the pancreas results in the high blood sugar.
In type-2 diabetes, which makes up 90 percent of the cases,
gradual resistance to insulin because of obesity or other
problems, leads to high blood sugar.
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