Mumbai: The Apollo 17 Mission that was sent to Moon in 1972 and later abandoned by the United States of America (USA) is causing tremors and moonquakes on the lunar surface, a new study has revealed.
Apollo 17 was the 11th and final mission of US space agency NASA's Apollo program, the 6th and most recent time humans have set foot on the Moon or traveled beyond low Earth orbit.
Researchers using data from the 1970s combined with AI based modern algorithms revealed in their study that Apollo 17 left behind by the astronauts on the lunar surface may be causing tremors or moonquakes.
This activity was suggested for the first time as the report put forth that the fluctuations in temperatures on Moon cause human-made objects to contract and expand, stimulating vibrations — also called impulsive thermal moonquakes.
The study found that the temperatures on Moon in dark are as cold as minus 208 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 133 degrees Celsius) that becomes 250 degrees Fahrenheit (121 degrees Celsius) hot in sunlight, underscoring that these temperatures also make the lunar surface to expand and contract.
The research was published earlier in September in the Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, in which the experts ascertained mild shakings caused by the Apollo 17 lunar lander, placed just a few hundred yards from instruments recording the quakes.
The researchers however have suggested that these tremors are harmless and can be inconspicuous by humans on the Moon. But, the study is bound to help scientists who are making efforts to build an outpost on the Earth's natural satellite as it has provided more insight into how Moon behaves during quakes.
Dr Angela Marusiak, Assistant Research Professor at the University of Arizona’s Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, said that Apollo 17 carried instruments to observe moonquakes, leaving a range of seismometers to detect the expansion and contraction of the surface and the outcome of it. He wrote:
"Thousands of these signals were recorded during an 8-month span from 1976 to 1977 on four seismometers deployed during the Apollo 17 Lunar Seismic Profiling Experiment, but the poor quality of data makes analysis difficult."
"We developed algorithms to accurately determine the arrival timing of the waves, measure the strength of the seismic signal, and find the direction of the moonquake source," they noted.
The study also differentiated the quakes caused by the natural reaction of the Moon’s surface to sunlight — also called emergent thermal moonquakes.
It should also be noted that, unlike Earth, the Moon’s surface does not have tectonic plates causing quakes. However, there is a robust activity present inside its soil causing seismic events at times.
Marusiak said:
"I'm hoping that with the Artemis program, seismometers will continue to be included because they are really vital for understanding what goes on, not just at the very surface, but even deeper down into the regolith."
"It’s important to know as much as we can from the existing data so we can design experiments and missions to answer the right questions," said Co-Author Allen Husker, a research professor of geophysics at Caltech, in a statement.
"The Moon is the only planetary body other than the Earth to have had more than one seismometer on it at a time. It gives us the only opportunity to study another body thoroughly."
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